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This article describes the Consensus Model developed in 2008 for the APRN role for licensure, accreditation and certification across the United States. Though the intended goal for adoption was in 2015 (still has not happened yet), there is still much work that needs to be done at the state and national level to get this to approved.

This article reviews the origins of nurse-midwifery in the United States during the early decades of the 20th century and explores professional expansion between 1940 and 1950. Nurse-midwifery emerged from the vision of public health nurses, obstetricians, and social reformers concerned about high maternal and infant mortality rates at the turn of the century.

This article takes an in depth look at the history of the NNP role in the Unites States. It was the only free article that I could find and provided ample information about the history of the specialty. Thanks Cheri for your initial post of this article earlier in the week, it was extremely helpful.

The article provides a good comprehensive timeline of the history of Advanced Practice Nurse specialties.

"Council of Primary Care Nurse Practitioners, a move that helped solidify the role of Nurse Practitioners in the United States health care system"

This article is about scope of practice and gives a state by state analysis of regulations and how the 2008 consensus applies.

This article is from the University of Penn. School of Nursing stating that APRN's are the future of healthcare because of there wide knowledge of various fields (FNP's).

This article gives a succinct overview of the origins of advanced practice nursing in the United States.

History of the CNM

This article discusses how the role of the Nurse Practitioner profession has expanded around the world. They outline the "developmental progress" of the role in the United States and compare the role development of the NP to that of Erickson's developmental stages in children. Interesting read!

Article written by a CNM on the history of midwifery up to the 1940s.

Ford and Silver, co-founder of nurse practitioner movement

Article showing an application of teamwork in a primary care setting to develop a behavior health intervention. See the abstract below! J Am Board Fam Med. 2015 Sep-Oct;28 Suppl 1:S21-31. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.S1.150042. Abstract PURPOSE: This paper sought to describe how clinicians from different backgrounds interact to deliver integrated behavioral and primary health care, and the contextual factors that shape such interactions. METHODS: This was a comparative case study in which a multidisciplinary team used an immersion-crystallization approach to analyze data from observations of practice operations, interviews with practice members, and implementation diaries. The observed practices were drawn from 2 studies: Advancing Care Together, a demonstration project of 11 practices located in Colorado; and the Integration Workforce Study, consisting of 8 practices located across the United States. RESULTS: Primary care and behavioral health clinicians used 3 interpersonal strategies to work together in integrated settings: consulting, coordinating, and collaborating (3Cs). Consulting occurred when clinicians sought advice, validated care plans, or corroborated perceptions of a patient's needs with another professional. Coordinating involved 2 professionals working in a parallel or in a back-and-forth fashion to achieve a common patient care goal, while delivering care separately. Collaborating involved 2 or more professionals interacting in real time to discuss a patient's presenting symptoms, describe their views on treatment, and jointly develop a care plan. Collaborative behavior emerged when a patient's care or situation was complex or novel. We identified contextual factors shaping use of the 3Cs, including: time to plan patient care, staffing, employing brief therapeutic approaches, proximity of clinical team members, and electronic health record documenting behavior. CONCLUSION: Primary care and behavioral health clinicians, through their interactions, c

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Dawley clearly outlines the critical role birth centers and home birth during the 1930's and 1940's played in the developed of our current professional midwifery culture.

This article discusses the benefits and pit-falls to autonomous primary care Nurse practitioner practice and advocates for cost effective improvements to our healthcare system. The research suggests that Nurse practitioners who practice independently report greater job satisfaction, improved patient outcomes and provide low cost, high quality services that are equal or superior to primary care physicians. Unfortunately, current healthcare reimbursement models, policies and reluctant physicians have created barriers to autonomous NP practices. The author suggests that autonomous practice requires further research across the U.S, the establishment of a well-defined model and the evaluation of patient outcomes, in order to determine whether the present day Nurse Practitioner requires future collaborative agreements with physicians, in order to provide quality patient care across the United States.